The energy of an ideal gas with a fixed number of molecules (monatomic or polyatomic) can be written solely as a function of temperature.

	(a)	True
	(b)	False

Calculation of the dry adiabatic lapse rate:

	(a)	Tells us how temperature changes with altitude on the earth.
	(b)	Predicts the compression ratio in a diesel engine.
	(c)	Tells us how pressure changes with altitude on the earth.
	(d)	None of the other choices

Heat capacities of solids are normally measured

	(a)	under constant volume conditions, due to the difficulties in keeping the surrounding pressure constant.
	(b)	under constant pressure conditions, due to the difficulties in keeping the volume of the solid constant.

Consider a possible relationship between the heat capacity at constant pressure $C_P$ and at constant volume $C_V$: where $k$ is Boltzmann’s constant and $N$ is the number of atoms/molecules. Choose the statement that best describes the validity of this relationship:

	(a)	None of the other choices
	(b)	The given relationship is never applicable. Instead, it should be written as $C_P=C_V+nR$ where $R$ is the gas constant and $n$ is the number of moles.
	(c)	It’s valid for any ideal gas
	(d)	It’s valid for monatomic ideal gases, but not for other types of ideal gases.
	(e)	It’s valid only when the equipartition theorem applies to the gas

In Joule’s experiment two gas cylinders are initially connected by a valve and in thermal contact with a surrounding constant temperature heat bath. One cylinder is initially filled with an “ideal gas” and the other is empty. The valve connecting the cylinders is opened very quickly, and the gas finally reaches a constant pressure, filling both cylinders. From start to finish, the entropy of the ideal gas has:

	(a)	stayed the same
	(b)	decreased
	(c)	increased
	(d)	impossible to say given the information provided

Consider 7 symbols of 3 types: there are 2 indistinguishable ’*’ symbols; there are 3 indistinguishable ’|’ symbols; and there are 2 indistinguishable ’X’ symbols. Consider writing all of these symbols out: e.g. ’|X||X**’ How many distinct ways can these 7 symbols be written out in this manner?

	(a)	7
	(b)	5040
	(c)	210
	(d)	420
	(e)	none of the other choices

If we define pressure as: we can also say:

	(a)	$P=-{\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial V}\right)}_{S,N}$
	(b)	$P={\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial V}\right)}_{S,N}$
	(c)	$P={\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial V}\right)}_{U,V}$
	(d)	none of the other choices

The expression $Q=TdS$ holds for:

	(a)	all quasi-static processes
	(b)	all reversible processes
	(c)	all adiabatic processes
	(d)	none of the other choices

A heat engine based on the Diesel cycle:

	(a)	has lower efficiency than the Otto cycle, for the same compression ratio
	(b)	has higher efficiency than the Otto cycle, for the same compression ratio
	(c)	allows lower compression ratios to be used as compared to the Otto cycle, and thus gives higher efficiencies
	(d)	allows for lower compression ratios by avoiding preignition
	(e)	none of the other choices

The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator can be defined as $COP\equiv Q_c∕W$ where $W$ is the work done per cycle and $Q_c$ is the heat extracted from the cold reservoir. The COP:

	(a)	cannot be greater than one due to the first law of thermodynamics
	(b)	cannot be greater than one due to the second law of thermodynamics
	(c)	can be greater than one
	(d)	is given by $1-T_c∕T_h$, where $T_c$ and $T_h$ are the temperatures of the cold and hot reservoirs respectively
	(e)	none of the other choices

If we know the change in Gibbs free energy for a process starting and finishing in equilibrium states, $\Delta G\equiv G_{final}-G_{initial}$ we can say that

	(a)	$-\Delta G$ gives an upper bound on the total amount of work that can be done by the process
	(b)	$\Delta G$ gives an upper bound on the total amount of electrical work that can be done by the process
	(c)	$-\Delta G$ gives an upper bound on the total amount of non-mechanical work that can be done by the process
	(d)	$\Delta G$ gives a lower bound on the total amount of work required for a process to occur
	(e)	none of the other choices

As a particular solid material melts into a liquid, its volume increases. It is observed that the melting temperature for the solid increases as pressure decreases. If the solid melts into a liquid at constant temperature, the entropy of the sample:

	(a)	decreases
	(b)	increases
	(c)	stays the same
	(d)	impossible to say given the information provided

An electric stove is used to heat water from $\text{15}\circ \text{C}$ to $\text{70}\circ \text{C}$ on top of a mountain.

	(a)	this takes a significantly longer time (compared to at sea-level) due to the reduced atmospheric pressure at high elevation
	(b)	this takes a significantly shorter time (compared to at sea-level) due to the reduced atmospheric pressure at high elevation
	(c)	this takes a significantly longer time (compared to at sea-level) due to the increased atmospheric pressure at high elevation
	(d)	this takes roughly the same amount of time (compared to at sea-level)
	(e)	none of the other choices

Consider a closed container of air and liquid water at room temperature and pressure. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of water within the air:

	(a)	is only a small fraction ($<10\%$) of the vapour pressure of water at room temperature.
	(b)	is much larger ($>2\times$) than the vapour pressure of water at room temperatures.
	(c)	is roughly the same as the vapour pressure of water at room temperature
	(d)	is exactly zero. At equilibrium the water and air will be completely separated.
	(e)	none of the other choices.

Suppose that we have water at $\text{25}\circ \text{C}$ and $\text{1}\text{bar}$. If we increase the pressure on the water to $\text{10}\text{bar}$ (keeping the same temperature), the Gibbs free energy will change. To compensate for this change (i.e. make Gibbs free energy the same as at $\text{1}\text{bar}$) we:

	(a)	we need to know the amount of water to make this prediction
	(b)	can increase the temperature by $\approx \text{0.2}\text{K}$
	(c)	can decrease the temperature by $\approx \text{0.2}\text{K}$
	(d)	none of the other choices

The time required to cook pasta at higher elevations:

	(a)	increases because of the lower temperatures predicted by the adiabatic lapse rate
	(b)	decreases because of the reduced vapour pressure of water at lower atmospheric pressures
	(c)	increases because of the reduced boiling temperature of water at lower atmospheric pressures
	(d)	stays the same — elevation has no role in cooking time
	(e)	none of the other choices

The dew point is

	(a)	the temperature at which the relative humidity would be 100% for a given partial pressure of water.
	(b)	the humidity expressed in pressure units.
	(c)	the temperature below which air cannot contain any water vapour.
	(d)	where ice, water, and steam coexist.
	(e)	none of the other choices.

A phase diagram for a specific material exhibits $\frac{dP}{dT}<0$ along a boundary between its solid and liquid phases. We can definitively say:

	(a)	the material expands when it freezes.
	(b)	the material contracts when it freezes.
	(c)	does not exhibit the sublimation phenomena.
	(d)	it would be a good material to make a thermometer out of.
	(e)	none of the other choices are definitely true for this material.

Although graphite is more thermodynamically stable than diamond at room temperature and pressure, we can make diamond more stable than graphite by:

	(a)	lowering the temperature
	(b)	increasing the temperature
	(c)	neither of the other choices

Stars have

	(a)	negative heat capacities and negative temperatures
	(b)	positive heat capacities and positive temperatures
	(c)	positive heat capacities and negative temperatures
	(d)	none of the other choices

Consider the efficiency $\eta$ of a fuel cell, defined as: where $\Delta G$, $\Delta H$ and $\Delta S$ (below) are for the fuel cell system (not fuel cell and environment). The efficiency:

	(a)	cannot be greater than one due to the first law of thermodynamics.
	(b)	cannot be greater than one, due to the second law of thermodynamics
	(c)	can be greater than one, provided $\Delta S<0$.
	(d)	will always be greater than one.
	(e)	none of the other choices.